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Special Arrangement of Phosphor Particles in Screen for Optimization of Illuminance (lm m-2) of FL Tubes
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
261-272
Received:
12 September 2015
Accepted:
21 September 2015
Published:
8 October 2015
Abstract: The performance of lighted FL tubes is severely influenced by the depth of the gap between phosphor screen on inner glass wall and positive column which is defined by Fvect ≥ Fphos. Fphos is vertical electric field of the surface bound electrons (SBE) on electric insulator in vacuum. The SBE on phosphor particles in the screen of the commercial FL tubes pushes back approaching electrons from phosphor screen to positive column. Naturally, there is the gap between positive column and phosphor screen. The depths of the gap ever study on the lighted FL tubes quantitatively. The depth by the gap by SBE is 3 x 10-3 m that gives rise to the slow build - up curve of illuminance from FL tube. Unexcited Hg atoms in the gap severely control the illuminance (lm m-2) of FL tubes. The reliable FL tubes should have the depth of the gap less than 2 x 10-4 m. The formation of the narrow gap requires the special arrangement of (a) the low voltage CL phosphor particles and (b) PL phosphor particles side by side. The coil-EEFL tubes in the narrow gap allow the Ar gas pressures (>7 x 103 Pa) for the high illuminance (>103 lm m-2) with nearly zero power consumption by the DC operation.
Abstract: The performance of lighted FL tubes is severely influenced by the depth of the gap between phosphor screen on inner glass wall and positive column which is defined by Fvect ≥ Fphos. Fphos is vertical electric field of the surface bound electrons (SBE) on electric insulator in vacuum. The SBE on phosphor particles in the screen of the commercial ...
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Spatial and Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton Communities and Environmental Conditions Along the Coastal Area of Alexandria
Edweb Ali Salem Dango,
Mahmoud Salem Ibrahim,
Nabila R. Hussein,
Maie Ibrahim ElGammal,
Mohamed Abel Aziz Okbah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
273-282
Received:
16 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: This paper studied the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton communities and environmental conditions. This study focuses on the Spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton community structure and environmental conditions (physical conditions, and nutrient availability) along Alexandria coastal area (from Abu Qir in the east to eastern harbor in the west) over one year 2013-2014. The study results gave a signal of the area is light to moderate polluted and emphasized the need of use phytoplankton community as index of water quality. A total of 153 phytoplankton taxa were identified belonging to73 genera (6 Classes); Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Silicoflagellata. Bacillariophyceae recorded the main bulk, while the others were limited and showed an indication of pollution. The total average density (60.7x103units l-1) was mainly a reflection of the trends in counts of Bacillariophyceae (58.03x103units l-1). Species diversity (H’) ranged between 0.21 and 3.59. The most obvious impact of the previously described physical and chemical features is on the distribution of phytoplankton biomass derived from Chl-a concentration (ranged; 0.92-4.27µgL-1). The concentrations of the nutrient salts displayed significant seasonal variation. The results revealed that the values of salinity, DO, temperature and pH were in the ranges: from (35.34 to 38.28 ‰), (4.77 and 11.13 mgl-1), (18.20 and 27.5 °C), and (7.53 to 8.12), respectively In general, the results indicated that the amounts of ammonia decreased as follows: winter < spring < autumn < summer (ranged; 0.14-5.16 µM), while nitrate were as follows: spring < autumn < summer < winter (ranged; 3.69 -19.66 µM), and the PO4-P content were arranged as follows: spring < autumn < winter < summer (ranged; 0.13 -0.79 µM).
Abstract: This paper studied the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton communities and environmental conditions. This study focuses on the Spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton community structure and environmental conditions (physical conditions, and nutrient availability) along Alexandria coastal area (from Abu Qir in the east to eastern...
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Physical-Chemical and Bacterial Contamination Levels in Mzinga River Catchments of the Southern Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania: Public Health Implications
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
283-288
Received:
24 September 2015
Accepted:
9 October 2015
Published:
22 October 2015
Abstract: Water is an appreciated natural resource for the survival of all living organisms. Management of the quality of this precious resource is therefore of special importance. In this study Mzinga River and its tributaries water samples were collected at a weekly interval from 2nd November 2014 to 6th December 2014 and analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological evaluation of pollutants. Total and faecal bacteria were analyzed using membrane techniques while physical chemical parameters were analyzed using specified standard methods. The water pH was found to range from 6.09±0.08 to 7.05±0.06 which is slightly acidic though it is within the acceptable WHO limits of 6.5-8.5. The mean values of ammonium and phosphate varied between 4.50±0.03 mg/l to 6.50±0.04 and 7.18±0.27 to 9.70±0.12 respectively. Both of these are higher than Tanzania acceptable limits (2mg/l and 5mg/l respectively). The mean result of the analysis of the water samples for total coliform ranges from 14.17±4.06 CFU/100ml to 486.80±102.32 CFU/100ml, while faecal coliform ranges from 2.78±1.03 CFU/100ml to 120.36±4.50 CFU/100ml. The bacteriological contamination was due to the fact that Mzinga river is passing through a populated urban area thereby more exposed to direct sewage disposal and incoming industrial effluents. These results implicate the probability of people around these areas being prone to water-borne infections such as diarrhea or cholera.
Abstract: Water is an appreciated natural resource for the survival of all living organisms. Management of the quality of this precious resource is therefore of special importance. In this study Mzinga River and its tributaries water samples were collected at a weekly interval from 2nd November 2014 to 6th December 2014 and analyzed for physicochemical and b...
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Development of Groundwater Recharge Model for the Sumanpa Catchment at Ashanti-Mampong-Ashanti Area in Ghana
Kotei Richard,
Agyare i Wilson Agye,
Kyei-Baffour Nicholas,
Nana Kena Frempong,
Atta-Darkwa Thomas
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
289-295
Received:
2 October 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
28 October 2015
Abstract: The research aimed at developing a groundwater recharge model from available and reliable data of recharge predictor variables from 1985-2009 for the Sumanpa catchment in the forest-savannah transitional zone. Streamflow data for the Sumanpa River was generated from daily stage data using the rating curve model developed by the researchers at the gauge station. The streamflow data generated was partitioned into its various components, including runoff and recharge by means of the PART and RORA computer programmes respectively. The relationship between the catchment’s groundwater recharge and its predictor variables were determined by means of a scatter plot, using R statistical package, and their strengths quantified using the Pearson Correlation Test. The test indicated a strong positive correlation between recharge, rainfall and runoff and a strong negative correlation with actual evapotranspiration. Based on these a lumped conceptual deterministic groundwater recharge model was developed for the Sumanpa catchment using the multiple regression analysis.
Abstract: The research aimed at developing a groundwater recharge model from available and reliable data of recharge predictor variables from 1985-2009 for the Sumanpa catchment in the forest-savannah transitional zone. Streamflow data for the Sumanpa River was generated from daily stage data using the rating curve model developed by the researchers at the g...
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Influence of Temperature Differentials on Germination and Growth of Terminalia ivorensis (A. Chev)
Alamu Lateef Oyewole,
Alabi Adedamola
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
296-299
Received:
1 July 2015
Accepted:
16 July 2015
Published:
30 October 2015
Abstract: This experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Oyo State College of Agriculture, Igboora to assess the influence of temperature differential on germination and early growth of Terminalia ivorensis. The Terminalia ivorensis seeds that were used were procured from Centre for Environmental Renewable Natural Resources Management Research and Development (CENRAD, Ibadan). A total of nine buckets were arranged in 3 treatments with 3 replicates and watering was done. Five kilogramme soils were poured in each perforated bowl of 7kg capacity. One seed of Terminalia ivorensis was planted in each bowl. Weeding was done on each bucket manually by handpicking. The parameters assessed were number of germinated plant, number of leaves, height of plant, length of internode. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Terminalia ivorensis seed treated with T3 (98.40C) at boiling point has the highest effect on the seeds, followed by T2 (250C) lukewarm water, the seeds planted with cold water did not germinate at all, that is the control T1. In conclusion, Terminalia ivorensis seeds need to be in boiling water before planting. This will help in further propagation of this threatened tree species.
Abstract: This experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Oyo State College of Agriculture, Igboora to assess the influence of temperature differential on germination and early growth of Terminalia ivorensis. The Terminalia ivorensis seeds that were used were procured from Centre for Environmental Renewable Natural Resources Management Res...
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Film Formation and Characterization of Undoped ZnO on M-plane Sapphire by Mist Chemical Vapour Deposition (Mist-CVD) with Different Carrier Gas Flow Rates
Hla Myo Tun,
Thant Zin Win,
Kensuke Minami,
Satomi Teraya,
Koushi Okita,
Yusui Nakamura
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
300-303
Received:
21 October 2015
Accepted:
27 October 2015
Published:
13 November 2015
Abstract: ZnO thin films were deposited on sapphire substrate by mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) with different flow rate of carrier gas. This is a simple and low cost method for large-area deposition system. In this experiment, zinc chloride solution was used as sources, and the crystal growth was achieved at the growth temperature of 600°C and various flow rates of Nitrogen gas. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum was performed, and the photoluminescence spectra proved near-band-edge emission and strong deep-level emissions. In this work, we obtained the optimum condition for crystal growth of ZnO on m-plane sapphire, where XRD θ-2θ single peak at m-plane ZnO.
Abstract: ZnO thin films were deposited on sapphire substrate by mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) with different flow rate of carrier gas. This is a simple and low cost method for large-area deposition system. In this experiment, zinc chloride solution was used as sources, and the crystal growth was achieved at the growth temperature of 600°C and va...
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Characterization of Sweet Pepper Genotypes by Using Morphological Traits
Md. Abdus Sattar,
Md. Nazrul Islam,
Md. Jahangir Hossain,
Md. Shahidur Rashid Bhuiyan,
Md. Ismail Ho
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
304-313
Received:
23 October 2015
Accepted:
2 November 2015
Published:
24 November 2015
Abstract: Twenty one genotypes of sweet pepper representing different sources were evaluated in Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), BARI, Gazipur during 2012 to 2013. Wide variations were observed among the genotypes for the characters studied. Fruit set percent varied from as low as 63% in CA 018 to as high as 90.66% in CA 016. The longest fruit length was observed in fruits of CA 016 (16.20 cm) and the fruit of the genotype CA 015 (6.80 cm) was the shortest followed by the genotypes CA 019 (8.60 cm) and BARI Mistimorich-1 (8.70 cm). Maximum number of fruits plant-1 was observed in CA 016 (90) and minimum was in CA 018 (10). The highest fruit yield plant-1 was recorded in CA 016 (7.09 kg) and the lowest in CA 017 (0.5) and CA 003(0.52 kg). Fruits of CA 005 were the heaviest of all (178 g) while the genotype CA 017 produced fruits with minimum weight (23 g).
Abstract: Twenty one genotypes of sweet pepper representing different sources were evaluated in Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), BARI, Gazipur during 2012 to 2013. Wide variations were observed among the genotypes for the characters studied. Fruit set percent varied from as low as 63% in CA 018 to as high as 90.66% in CA 016. The lo...
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Theoretical Study of Sand Entrainment and Deposits in Horizontal Oil Transport
Sanni Eshorame Samuel,
Olawale Surajudeen Adegboyega,
Adefila Sunday Samuel,
Emetere Moses
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
314-323
Received:
14 October 2015
Accepted:
26 October 2015
Published:
8 December 2015
Abstract: Sand deposition in horizontal pipes transporting crude oil and sand affects oil recovery and causes loss of pipe integrity. One way of avoiding sand deposition in lines is by identifying potential sand deposit points for mounting boosters to help boost the inertia force of the flowing stream. This paper investigates a model approach to the problem. Results from simulation give potential sand deposit points in a 12 km pipeline. The Reynolds numbers estimated, show significant variations between the 6 and 8km points where viscous forces prevailed over inertia forces. Thus, the 6 km point is an ideal point for mounting a booster. Sand velocities remained constant at 0 km at different times down to the 8 km point although, the values differ axially per hour. Variations were incipient at the 10 km point through to the exit owing to hindered settling caused by inherent collisions of particles resting on the pipe wall. However, this also suggests that the 8 km point is a crucial point at or beyond which a booster pump is required to make up for the lost kinetic energy for a reliable and safe flow. Transport flow regimes were also investigated via parametric assessment on hourly basis.
Abstract: Sand deposition in horizontal pipes transporting crude oil and sand affects oil recovery and causes loss of pipe integrity. One way of avoiding sand deposition in lines is by identifying potential sand deposit points for mounting boosters to help boost the inertia force of the flowing stream. This paper investigates a model approach to the problem....
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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania
Rose H. Mende,
Blandina T. Mmbaga,
Rahim K. Damji,
Ben C. J. Hamel,
Ann M. Buchanan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
324-328
Received:
29 October 2015
Accepted:
16 November 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co- infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant’s hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant’s hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.
Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group....
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Incidence of β-lactamases Among Novel Multidrug Resistant Clinical Isolates of UTI Patients: An Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Study
Rashmi M. Bhande – Kolhapure
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
329-343
Received:
13 February 2015
Accepted:
14 February 2015
Published:
18 December 2015
Abstract: Community or Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are increasing worldwide speedily by creating problem to currently available β-lactam antibiotic therapies. Thus it is an urgent need of research to find the effective therapeutic options to treat / manage the UTI. Therefore, the present work is designed to determine prevalence of β-lactam resistance in seven novel bacterial isolates from the community UTI as well as to identify and characterize the types of β-lactamases involved in UTI. Total Five Hundred and Forty Nine (n= 549) clinical strains isolated from Urine samples and identified as E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Enterococcus spp., A. haemolyticus, Micrococcus, Serratia spp., Shigella spp., Staph. Aureus etc. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these strains revealed high level resistance to Ampicillin (99%), Ceftazidime (98.99%), Amoxicillin (98%), Cefotaxime (99%), Cefaclor (98%) and Penicillin (99%). Thus out of 549 only seven were detected as novel Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producers. All the seven isolates were identified at 16 S r RNA level and submitted to NCBI with following accession numbers such as: JX827388.1, JX827385, JX827384.1, JX827383.1, JX827382, JX827386 and JX827387. Minimum inhibitory concentration of each novel strain was determined against 25 different β-lactam antibiotics i.e. Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Oxacillin, Vancomycin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Cotrimaxazole, Trimethoprim, Imipenam, Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin, Cefuroxime, Nalidixic acid, Cefazoline, Cefdinir, Cefexime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Aztreonam, Cefaclor, Penicillin etc. All these strains revealed to possess virulence markers such as α-hemolysin, Cell surface hydrophobicity, Aerobactin production, Serum Resisitance, Colicine production etc. In addition to this an antimicrobial surveillance of the same strain was tested for multiple antibiotic resistance scale with the help of WHONET software designed by World Health Organization.
Abstract: Community or Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are increasing worldwide speedily by creating problem to currently available β-lactam antibiotic therapies. Thus it is an urgent need of research to find the effective therapeutic options to treat / manage the UTI. Therefore, the present work is designed to determine prevalence of β-lactam resi...
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